Immigrants accounted for about 10% of the Black population in 2021, up from 7% in 2000. In 2021, there were 4.8 million foreign-born Black Americans, up from 2.4 million in 2000, according to a Pew Research Center analysis of Census Bureau data. The arrival of new immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean and elsewhere has been an important contributor to Black population growth. The number of Black Americans who say they are Hispanic has also risen sharply over this period, up 185% since 2000. Census Bureau asks about race and ethnicity.
Notably, the number of people self-identifying as another race in addition to Black has increased nearly 240% since 2000, reflecting a broader national shift in the number of Americans identifying as multiracial as well as changes to how the U.S. has grown by 30% since 2000, rising from 36.2 million then to 47.2 million in 2021. This group is not the same as the nation’s Afro-Latino population as not all Black Hispanics identify as Afro-Latino and not all Afro-Latinos identify as Black or Hispanic. The term Black Hispanic is used to refer to those who self-identify as Hispanic or Latino and as Black, either alone or in combination with other races. The term multiracial, non-Hispanic Black is used to refer to people who self-identify as two or more races and do not identify as Hispanic or Latino. This population is made up of individuals who self-identify only as Black and do not identify as Hispanic or Latino. The terms single-race, non-Hispanic Black and Black alone, non-Hispanic are used interchangeably to refer to the same population. The terms Black population and Black people are used interchangeably. This includes those who say their race is only Black and that they are not Hispanic those who say Black is one of two or more races in their identity and are not Hispanic and those who say they are Hispanic or Latino and either Black alone or in combination with other races. Black population or total Black population refers to the population of Americans who self-identify as Black in the United States. Before that, many multiracial people were counted in only one racial category. Starting in 2000, Americans could select more than once racial category in census forms. Moreover, respondents’ perceptions of the questions and their own racial and ethnic identity can change in response to individual circumstances and the way the nation sees race and itself. racial and ethnic categories have changed since 1790. See “ What Census Calls Us” for more details on how U.S. The racial and ethnic categories used in census data have changed over time – including question wording, format and instructions – and may affect how people identify by race and ethnicity. The analysis in this post relies on respondent self-identification of race and ethnicity in the Census Bureau data sources such as the 2021 American Community Survey (ACS) to identify the nation’s Black population. The Black population includes single-race non-Hispanic Black people, multiracial non-Hispanic Black people and those who say they are Black and Hispanic. The analysis identifies the nation’s Black population through self-reports of racial and ethnic identity on the 2021 ACS.
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The analysis presented in this post and the accompanying fact sheet is based on Pew Research Center tabulations of microdata from the Census Bureau’s 2021 American Community Survey, provided through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) from the University of Minnesota.
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